5 research outputs found
Colored model based testing for software product lines (CMBT-SWPL)
Over the last decade, the software product line domain has emerged as
one of the mostpromising software development paradigms. The main beneļ¬ts
of a software product lineapproach are improvements in productivity, time
to market, product quality, and customersatisfaction.Therefore, one topic
that needs greater emphasis is testing of software product lines toachieve
the required software quality assurance. Our concern is how to test a
softwareproduct line as early as possible in order to detect errors,
because the cost of error detectedIn early phases is much less compared to
the cost of errors when detected later.The method suggested in this thesis
is a model-based, reuse-oriented test technique calledColored Model Based
Testing for Software Product Lines (CMBT-SWPL). CMBT-SWPLis a
requirements-based approach for eļ¬ciently generating tests for products
in a soft-ware product line. This testing approach is used for validation
and veriļ¬cation of productlines. It is a novel approach to test product
lines using a Colored State Chart (CSC), whichconsiders variability early
in the product line development process. More precisely, the vari-ability
will be introduced in the main components of the CSC. Accordingly, the
variabilityis preserved in test cases, as they are generated from colored
test models automatically.During domain engineering, the CSC is derived
from the feature model. By coloring theState Chart, the behavior of
several product line variants can be modeled simultaneouslyin a single
diagram and thus address product line variability early. The CSC
representsthe test model, from which test cases using statistical testing
are derived.During application engineering, these colored test models are
customized for a speciļ¬capplication of the product line. At the end of
this test process, the test cases are generatedagain using statistical
testing, executed and the test results are ready for evaluation.
Inxaddition, the CSC will be transformed to a Colored Petri Net (CPN) for
veriļ¬cation andsimulation purposes.The main gains of applying the
CMBT-SWPL method are early detection of defects inrequirements, such as
ambiguities incompleteness and redundancy which is then reļ¬ectedin saving
the test eļ¬ort, time, development and maintenance costs
Effect of fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser on improving minoxidil delivery for treatment of androgenetic alopecia
Introduction: Recently, laser treatment for hair loss has become very popular. Laser-assisted drug delivery (LAD) is an evolving technology with potentially broad clinical applications. This work aims at inspecting the effect of the fractional carbon dioxide laser (CO2) on improving the delivery of minoxidil in patients with androgenetic alopecia and detecting the role of the fractional CO2 laser in its treatment.Methods: We enrolled 45 Egyptians with male androgenetic alopecia (MAGA); clinical grading was assessed based on Norwood-Hamilton classification. The patients were divided into 3 groups: the first group (combined group) received the fractional CO2 laser session followed by topical application of minoxidil and also in between sessions; the second group received fractional CO2 laser sessions only and 6 sessions with 2-week intervals were performed; the third group applied topical minoxidil only for 3 months. Global photographs and dermoscopic assessments were performed before treatment and 3 months after the treatment.Results: Several dermoscopic findings were detected, including peripilar sign, hair diversity, yellow spot, white dots, and arborizing red lines. The number of double hair units significantly increased after the treatment in the combined group. The mean number of hair after the treatment in the 3 groups significantly increased, mostly in the combined group. The hair thickness (thin & thick) significantly increased after the treatment in the combined group and the fractional group; however, in the minoxidil group, only thin hair thickness increased. In all the 3 groups, there was a significant improvement in hair count and thickness.Conclusion: The ablative fractional CO2 laser alone or combined with minoxidil may serve as an additional treatment for MAGA
The Role of Hepatic Expression of STAT1, SOCS3 and PIAS1 in the Response of Chronic Hepatitis C Patients to Therapy
BACKGROUND: The underlying mechanisms of hepatitis C virus (HCV) resistance to treatment are unknown. Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins play a critical role in antiviral defense